Weighing Annulment vs. Divorce

When couples contemplate ending a marriage, rarely does the thought of asking for annulment, instead of divorce, occur to them. While most people have some vague idea of what annulment means, many associate it with a religious procedure intended to erase the marriage. Religious-based annulments certainly exist, but are wholly separate from the civil process that goes under the same name. The key difference between divorce and annulment is that an annulled marriage is treated as if it never existed, and a divorce simply dissolves a legally-valid union. People do opt for a civil annulment for religious reasons, but also seek this alternative to divorce to avoid extending certain benefits that former spouses are entitled to in divorce, such as property distribution. Compared to divorce, annulment is a complicated and more costly procedure that brings no guarantee a court will grant it. That being said, it may be the right choice in certain situations, and understanding how the law and courts treat these kinds of requests will allow individuals considering whether to end their relationship to make an informed decision.

Grounds for Annulment

One important point to understand about annulment is that, unlike divorce, there are no statutes addressing this subject. Thus, all the law on this issue is based on past court decisions, which means judges have wide discretion in deciding annulment cases, and the outcomes are very uncertain. However, looking at past judicial trends, certain claims for annulment are more likely to be accepted than others, including:

• The marriage was a sham or fraudulent. This occurs if one party agrees to marry to gain a certain benefit, such as immigration status, public benefits, health insurance or greed. To claim a marriage is fraudulent requires one spouse to be innocent of the other party’s motives, and usually requires the marriage to fail shortly after its creation.
• There was no consummation. If consummation of the marriage did not occur, courts have accepted this reason to justify annulment, but it must be sought relatively early to have any chance of succeeding. Waiting years to annul a marriage is likely to preclude this option.
• The marriage was illegal from the start. Illegality of a marriage can be based on age, one party being already married, or the incapacity of a spouse at the time of the marriage. In this situation, courts are likely to grant an annulment because the marriage was never valid. The more compelling the evidence, the easier it is to convince a judge the marriage should never have taken place.

Spousal Rights

Marriage confers specific rights on both spouses that make a significant difference in divorce. The rights of a party in a divorce are spelled out in Florida statutory law, but annulment, as mentioned above, has no set laws governing its application. From a practical standpoint, courts can and will divide property in an annulment proceeding since there is likely to be some commingling of property, but the court is not required to use a particular standard to decide which party gets what. Consequently, if possible, it is best for the parties to form an agreement on property division privately so there is more control over the outcome. In addition, Florida law automatically dissolves certain trusts, insurance beneficiary designations, and provisions in wills as an aftereffect of divorce. Annulment typically brings the same type of effect, but an experienced family law attorney should be consulted to ensure the financial aspects of the annulment are handled properly.

Talk to a Florida Family Law Attorney

Making the decision to end your marriage is never easy, but working with a family law/divorce attorney can make the process more manageable. The Tampa Bay law firm All Family Law Group, P.A. understands how overwhelming this transition can be, and will work to keep you informed about the legal process and options.  Contact the Tampa divorce attorneys and family lawyers at All Family Law Group, P.A. in Tampa Bay at 813-816-2232 for a consultation at no charge or email us.

by Lynette Silon-Laguna Google+

The Divorce Process in a Nutshell

The length and what is involved in the divorce process depends upon the parties involved.  Furthermore, if you or your husband or wife is in the military, there may be issues involved such as military retirement, special residency requirements, requirements of service on an active duty spouse. There are those who can agree on a settlement of their issues and so obtaining a divorce is uncontested. Sometimes the parties can enter into an agreement and file it with the petition for divorce.  Or in the alternative, he or she can file the petition with the court and serve the other party with it by process server, who will have 20 days to respond.  Furthermore, if the other party is agreeable he or she can accept service of the petition, rather than being served by a process server.  Upon filing the petition, the court will order that the parties attend a Case Management Conference which is scheduled for 90 days after the petition is filed.  This is a hearing which is essentially a status conference, so that the judge knows what is happening in a case and what needs to be done in it.

Hammering out a divorce agreement!

Even if the parties can come to an agreement, there are still forms which must be completed, some of which are filed with the petition and some are filed prior to the final hearing.  There is mandatory disclosure which is required of both parties; however, they can agree to waive it.  It is required that each party file a Financial Affidavit and this requirement cannot be waived.  If there are children involved, then it is mandatory that a Parenting Plan signed by the parents and a Child Support Guidelines Worksheet be filed.  Child support is mandatory because family law looks at it as it is for the child and cannot be waived by the parents.  

If a marital settlement agreement is not filed with the petition, then the husband and wife will have to come to an agreement thereafter and file it with the court.  If they have attorneys helping them with their divorce, then the attorneys can put the agreement together and the parties will sign it.  If an agreement is reached and  filed, then the parties can proceed to an uncontested final hearing or the final hearing can occur at the Case Management Conference.  At that time, the judge in the case will enter a final judgment which will incorporate all of the terms in the agreement.  It will thereafter be enforceable by the court.

If the parties cannot come to an agreement, then in Hillsborough County, mediation is required prior to the case being heard by the judge.  Mediation can be either through the county or private mediation.  Private mediation may be more costly; however, it can be scheduled earlier in the process, as it usually takes two to three months to schedule a mediation with the county.  Another plus to private mediation is that there is no time limit on the length of the mediation, whereas, county mediation is limited to two hours.  If the case is uncomplicated, then county mediation may be sufficient; however, for more complicated cases it is worth the additional expense to attend private mediation as the parties have more time to settle and are more likely to settle some or all of the issues .  If an agreement is reached, the mediator will prepare the agreement for the parties to sign.  It will then be filed with the court and a final uncontested  hearing will be scheduled.  The final judgment will incorporate the terms of the mediation agreement.

A trial date will be scheduled for resolution of all or the remaining issues if the parties cannot come to an agreement at mediation. This will be a contested divorce action. The parties may also need to attend a temporary relief hearing if there are issues such as child support, child custody and timesharing, alimony and property division, which need immediate resolution.  Trial dates may be scheduled for three months or more after mediation.  The parties will attend the trial with their attorneys and each will present testimony and evidence to support their position.  The judge will take it into consideration and he or she will come to a decision at the trial or more often weeks after the trial date.

It is very costly both financially and emotionally to prepare for and attend trial.  Furthermore, neither party may be happy with the court’s decision.  Therefore, if at all possible, it is advisable to come to an agreement which requires that the parties compromise and understand that it may not be possible to receive everything requested.

By Lynette Silon-Laguna

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